FCE扩展阅读：人工智能和自然愚蠢

　　在KET、PET考试中，阅读是核心项目，阅读能力强的孩子在听力、写作、口语方面一般也比较优秀，这一点在FCE的考试中也没有改变。FCE考试对于阅读部分的考察更加深入，原因是FCE的阅读题材非常广泛，包罗万象，用词也是相当丰富，对于仅仅只是接受国内小学教育的孩子来说，难度颇大。如果孩子缺乏原版阅读的习惯，平时生活中阅读的内容又太单一，很难理解FCE文章中隐含的背景知识。

　　阅读素材拓展

　　ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

　　AND

　　NATURAL STUPIDITY

　　人工智能和自然愚蠢

　　One piece of good news is that at least for the next few decades, we won't have to deal with the full-blown science-fiction nightmare of AI gaining consciousness and deciding to enslave or wipe out humanity. We will increasingly rely on algorithms to make decisions for us, but it is unlikely that the algorithms will start to consciously manipulate us. They won't have any consciousness.

　　一个好消息是，至少在未来几十年里，我们不用担心科幻小说里那种人工智能产生意识、杀光或奴役人类的噩梦。我们会越来越依赖算法为我们做决定，但算法并不太可能开始有意识地操纵人类。事实上，它们不会有任何意识。

　　Science fiction tends to confuse intelligence with consciousness and assume that in order to match or surpass human intelligence, computers will have to develop consciousness. The basic plot of almost all movies and novels about Al revolves around the magical moment when a computer or a robot gains consciousness. Once that happens, either the human hero falls in love with the robot or the robot tries to kill all the humans; sometimes both things happensimultaneously.

　　科幻小说常把智能与意识混为一谈，并认为如果要有与人类相当甚至更高的智能，计算机就必须发展出意识。几乎所有关于人工智能的电影和小说，基本情节都围绕着计算机或机器人产生意识的那个神奇时刻。而一旦它们有了意识，不是人类主角爱上机器人，就是机器人打算杀光所有人类，或者二者兼而有之。

　　But in reality, there is no reason to assume that artificial intelligence will gain consciousness, because intelligence and consciousness are very different things.Intelligence is the ability to solve problems. Consciousness is the ability to feel things such as pain, joy, love, and anger. We tend to confuse the two because in humans and other mammals intelligence goes hand in hand with consciousness. Mammals solve most problems by feeling things. Computers,

　　however,solve problems in a very different way.

　　但实际上，并没有理由相信人工智能会获得意识，因为智能和意识

　　是天差地别的两种概念。智能是解决问题的能力，意识则是能够感受痛苦、喜悦、爱和愤怒等事物的能力。我们之所以会两者不分，是因为对人类和其他哺乳动物来说，智能与意识会携手同行。哺乳动物处理大多数问题时靠的是“感觉”，但计算机会用完全不同的方式来解决问题。

　　There are several different paths leading to high intelligence, and only some of these paths involve gaining consciousness. Just as airplanes fly faster than birds without ever developing feathers, so computers may come to solve problems much better than mammals without ever developing feelings. True, AI will have to analyze human feelings accurately in order to treat human illnesses,identify human terrorists, recommend human mates, and navigate a street full of human pedestrians. But it could do so without having any feelings of its own.An algorithm does not need to feel joy, anger, or fear in order to recognize the different biochemical patterns of joyful, angry, or frightened apes.

　　提高智能的路其实有好几条，其中只有一条需要靠意识。就像飞机

　　不用发展出羽毛，但飞行速度却比鸟更快，计算机也不用发展出哺乳动物所需要的感受，就能比哺乳动物更会解决问题。确实，人工智能必须准确分析人类的感受，才能好好替人类治病、找出人类的恐怖分子、为人类推荐另一半、在满是行人的街道上行车，但是这一切并不需要它自己有任何感觉。算法只需要学会辨别猿类在快乐、愤怒或恐惧下的生化模式，而不需要它自己感受到快乐、愤怒或恐惧。

　　Indeed,we have no idea what our full human potential is, because we know so little about the human mind. And yet we don't invest much in exploring the human mind,instead focusing on increasing the speed of our internet connections and the efficiency of our Big Data algorithms.

　　If we are not careful, we will end up with downgraded humans misusing upgraded computers to wreak havoc on themselves and on the world.

　　因为我们还太不了解人类的心智，根本无从得知人类的最大潜能是什么模样。然而，我们几乎没有投入什么心力来探索人类的心智，只一心想着提升网络连接的速度及大数据算法的效率。如果再不注意，最后的局面就会是退化的人类滥用进化的计算机，伤害自己，也伤害世界。　　

　　以上就是小编为大家整理的关于FCE阅读考试要点及素材拓展，希望对大家有所帮助。更多fce考试时间、fce如何报名等问题可以咨询我们。